Major Headings

Chapter 1: The Typical Format of Journal Articles

Abstract

Introduction

Background

Method

Results

Discussion

References

Notes

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: The Univariate Case

Picture Techniques

Distributional Shape

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variability

Standard Scores

A Few Cautions

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 3: Bivariate Correlation

The Key Concept Behind Correlation: Relationship

Scatter Diagrams

The Correlation Coefficient

The Correlation Matrix

Different Kinds of Correlational Procedures

Warnings About Correlation

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 4: Reliability and Validity

The Meaning of Reliability and Reliability Coefficients

Different Approaches to Reliability

Interrater Reliability

The Standard Error of Measurement

Warnings About Reliability

The Relationship Between Reliability and Validity

Different Kinds of Validity

Warnings About Validity Claims

Three Final Comments

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 5: Foundations of Inferential Statistics

Statistical Inference

The Concepts of Statistic and Parameter

Types of Samples

The Problems of Low Response Rate, Refusals to Participate, and Attrition

A Few Warnings

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 6: Estimation

Sampling Error

Sampling Distributions and Standard Errors

Confidence Intervals

Point Estimation

Warnings Concerning Interval and Point Estimation

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 7: Hypothesis Testing--Part I

An Ordered List of the Six Steps

A Detailed Look at Each of the Six Steps

Failing-to-Reject H0 Versus Accepting H0

The "Backwards" Nature of Hypothesis Testing

A Few Cautions

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing--Part 2

The Seven-Step Version of Hypothesis Testing

The Nine-Step Version of Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing Using Confidence Intervals

Adjusting for an Inflated Type I Error Rate

A Few Cautions

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 9: Significance Testing and the Hybrid Approach to Testing H0

The Component Parts of Significance Testing

Significance Testing Using "p-Less-Than" and "p-Greater-Than" Statements

A Popular Hybrid: Significance Testing with an a-Level

A Few Warnings

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 10: Statistical Inferences Concerning Bivariate Correlation Coefficients

Statistical Tests Involving a Single Correlation Coefficient

Tests on Many Correlation Coefficients (Each of Which Is Treated Separately)

Tests of Reliability and Validity Coefficients

Statistically Comparing Two Correlation Coefficients

The Use of Confidence Intervals Around Correlation Coefficients

Cautions

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 11: Inferences Concerning One or Two Means

Inferences Concerning a Single Mean

Inferences Concerning Two Means

Multiple Dependent Variables

Power Analysis and Strength-of-Effect Estimation

Underlying Assumptions

Comments

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 12: Tests on Three or More Sample Means Using a One-Way ANOVA

The Purpose of a One-Way ANOVA

The Distinction Between a One-Way ANOVA and Other Kinds of ANOVAs

The One-Way ANOVA's Null and Alternative Hypotheses

Presentation of Results

Assumptions of a One-Way ANOVA

Statistical Significance Versus Practical Significance

Tips for Deciphering/Critiquing Research Results Based on One-Way ANOVAs

A Final Comment

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 13: Post Hoc and Planned Comparisons

Post Hoc Comparisons

Definition and Purpose

Terminology

Test Procedures Frequency Used in Post Hoc Analyses

Presentation of Results

The Bonferroni Procedure as a Post Hoc Technique

Planned Comparisons

Planned Comparisons Used with a One-Way ANOVA

Comments

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 14: Two-Way Analyses of Variance

Similarities Between One-Way and Two-Way ANOVAs

The "Structure" of a Two-Way ANOVA

Active and Assigned Factors and the Formation of Comparison Groups

Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Factors

Samples and Populations

Three Research Questions

The Three Null Hypotheses (and Three Alternative Hypotheses)

Presentation of Results

Follow-Up Tests

Planned Comparisons

Assumptions Associated with a Two-Way ANOVA

Effect Size Indices, Strength-of-Association Measures, and Power Analyses in Two-Way ANOVAs

The Familywise Error Rate in Factorial ANOVAs

A Few Warnings Concerning Two-Way ANOVAs

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 15: Three-Way Analyses of Variance

Labels Denoting Use of the Three-Way ANOVA

The Data Layout

Samples and Populations

Seven Questions Concerning Main and Interaction Effects

Presentation of Results

Related Issues

A Few Warnings Concerning Three-Way ANOVAs

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 16: Fully Repeated Measures Analyses of Variance

One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVAs

Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVAs

Fully Repeated Measures Three-Factor ANOVA

Discussion

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 17: Mixed ANOVAs

Two-Way Mixed ANOVAs

Three-Way Mixed ANOVAs

A Final Comment

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 18: The Analysis of Covariance

Three Different Kinds of Variables Involved in Any ANCOVA Study

The Covariate's Role

Null Hypotheses

The Focus, Number, and Quality of the Covariate Variable(s)

Presentation of Results

The Statistical Basis for ANCOVA's Power Advantage and Adjustment Feature

Assumptions

ANCOVA Used With Intact Groups

Related Issues

A Few Warnings

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 19: Bivariate, Multiple, and Logistic Regression

Bivariate Regression

Multiple Regression

Logistic Regression

Final Comments

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 20: Inferences on Percentages, Proportions, and Frequencies

The Sign Test

The Binomial Test

Fisher's Exact Test

Chi-Square Tests: An Introduction

Three Main Types of Chi-Square Tests

Issues Related to Chi-Square Tests

McNemar's Chi Square

The Cochran Q Test

Use of z-Tests When Dealing with Proportions

A Few Final Thoughts

Review Terms and Review Questions

Chapter 21: Statistical Tests on Ranks (Nonparametric Tests)

Obtaining Ranked Data

Reasons for Converting Scores on a Continuous Variable into Ranks

The Median Test

The Mann-Whitney U Test

The Kruskal-Wallis H Test

The Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test

Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance of Ranks

Large-Sample Versions of the Tests on Ranks

Ties

The Relative Power of Nonparametric Tests

A Few Final Comments

Review Terms and Review Questions

Copyright © 2003 Schuyler W. Huck
All rights reserved.